Civil Disobedience the ideas of Thoreau and Dr Kin Essay Example For Students

Common Disobedience the thoughts of Thoreau and Dr Kin Essay g Since the commencement of the United States, there have been commonly when residents have wanted to rebel against their legislature. Such instances of revolt occurred during the hours of Martin Luther King Jr., and Henry David Thoreau. The explanations behind these rebellions included victimization the African-American people group and Americans declining to pay survey duties to help the Mexican War. These two men utilized common noncompliance to change people groups thoughts and convictions to stop the foul play brought against them and their country. Common Disobedience is characterized as refusal to comply with common laws or declarations, which typically appears as immediate activity (Groliers Encyclopedia Online). Individuals rehearsing common defiance violate a law since they consider the law out of line. They need to point out its unfairness, wanting to realize its withdrawal. Thoreau composed Civil Disobedience in 1849, directly subsequent to going through a night in the Walden town prison for declining to pay a survey charge for the Mexican War. He prescribed utilizing direct activity to make social strain, in this manner prompting the change of treacherous laws rehearsed by the legislature. He voiced common defiance as, A declaration of the people freedom to make change (Thoreau 530). Thoreau felt that the legislature had set up request that opposed change and change. Activity from rule, the discernment and execution of right, changes things and relations; it is basically revolutionary(Thoreau, 531). Thoreau wouldn't pay the survey charge on the grounds that the cash was being utilized to fund the Mexican War. Not exclusively was Thoreau against the war itself, however the war was over Texas, which was to be utilized as a slave state. His companion, Staples, offered to pay the duty for him, however to Thoreau, it wasnt paying the expense that he was protesting, it was the means by which the cash would be utilized. Thoreau felt firmly about paying cash toward a war he didn't bolster. He would prefer to wind up in prison than conflict with his will. The section, Your cash is your life, for what reason would it be a good idea for me to scramble to give it my cash,? (Thoreau, 538) shows how emphatically he felt. It was imperative to Thoreau to illuminate people in general about the war. He needed individuals to acknowledge why it wasn't right to help it. Thoreau never energized hundreds and thousands of individuals together, fiercely or peacefully, to get responses. Rather, he went to prison to dissent and composed his article, Civil Disobedience. Thoreaus theory was to get individuals to think and adopt their own strategy to a circumstance. Numerous years after Thoreaus Civil Disobedience, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made a similar thought of direct move to fight the shameful acts brought upon dark Americans in the United States. Lord utilized serene protests and rallies to join the dark network. Blacks had to sit in the rear of the transports, utilize separate restrooms, drinking fountains, spaces in a café, and schools. Isolation caused blacks to feel sub-par and inconsistent. Lord drove many dark dissenters in utilizing strategies, for example, boycotting transports, demonstrations, and different walks. These peaceful demonstrations of open discourse and activity in the end lead to Kings capture for driving a walk in Birmingham, Alabama. While being held in Birmingham City Jail, King composed, Letter from Birmingham City Jail to his individual priests. This letter communicated, by and large, how disillusioned he was with isolation in the U.S. what's more, how individuals accepted such a great amount in the legend of time to fix the issue. The fantasy of time is the possibility that time will fix all issues. Ruler didn't put stock in this thought and needed issues to be fixed immediately. He needed direct activity, which reason for existing was, to make a circumstance so emergency stuffed that it will unavoidably make the way for negotiation.(King, 292). Despite the fact that King tended to this letter to my individual clergymen,(King, 289) he truly composed the letter to white conservatives as an intrigue to get more help for transport incorporation. .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf , .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .postImageUrl , .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf , .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:hover , .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:visited , .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:active { border:0!important; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:active , .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae9 54841d6ee1b0370becf .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u99ac1e2fb5ae954841d6ee1b0370becf:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Career Essay Sport Management When the letter was distributed in the paper, everybody was influenced by it. Thoreau and King certainly shared a large number of similar thoughts of how to manage crooked laws performed by government. Thoreau didnt have the armies .

If A Business Drops Its Price Will It Always Increase Demand

Question: On the off chance that A Business Drops Its Price Will It Always Increase Demand - And Will It Make More Profit? Answer: Investigation of Li and Yada shows item or administration costs may have an extraordinary serious edge yet requires giving the vender adequate benefit. For the dread of business disappointment, the vast majority of the merchants cut their edges off during the hour of misfortune. Organizations regularly drop costs of their item and administrations trusting that this low decrease can prompt impressive increment in the interest and accordingly a considerable increment in benefits. This exploration is centered around cause and outcome of the decrease in item costs. Refered to consider reasons that making such upgrades to the presentation may have yielded better monetary execution in present moment, the administration of the organization comprehended it won't address the declining piece of the pie. Further it expresses that estimating is a basic choice and obtrusively cutting costs isn't an answer without fail. This article is noteworthy for the exploration as it is ongoing considers ever y central point and target which prompted a decrease in costs. This article doesn't have any noteworthy restriction as it is impeccably connected to my exploration and give be the premise to my work. Consider book for the exploration depends on the hypothetical structure of value vulnerability, creation, and benefit by considering ongoing economic situations of Australia. As indicated by the perspective of Tisdel; if or if not the decrease in cost may help benefit depend on the interest versatility of the item according to thought. Costs impact the volume and consequently benefits. Be that as it may, the substantial sum is to be paid in the event that it results negative. There is a need to know the value change would gradually affect benefits. This book is an optional help to my investigation because of a significant restriction of linkage to financial matters. Nonetheless; investigation of this source gave me discovering that a specialist is supposed to be savvy when he perceives that low value renders either low quality or more terrible administrations. For the most part, the value set by organizations with respect to their items in an assortment empowers business to be increa singly practical Investigation of Mankiw shows the financial relationship of cost, request and benefit to comprehend the coherent thinking of the way that if a business drops its cost will it generally expand request - and will it make more benefit. According to the perspective of Mankiw; making a decrease in value brings about gainfulness, just whenever cost and amount of offer remain stable. At the point when a decrease in value lead to low nature of companys items further the organization is been hauled to diminish them so as to look after deals. Their exploration had helped me in a superior comprehension of the idea and intelligent thinking of the concerned circumstance for the situation. In their exploration, Venegas and Ventura had explained that if the decrease in cost is upheld by the low quality that it can remove potential benefits and therefore lead to a total deficit. One other negative effect that accompanies is proceeding with piece of the overall industry misfortune since the quality decrease can't bring the deals the manner in which it was. On the other hand, is the organization can drop costs proficiently without having any impact on quality, procedure or figures then the organization can make more significant levels of benefit. This examination is the essential source to the exploration as it gives results if evaluating procedure of the organization isn't suitable. Be that as it may; impediment of this investigation that it is focused on flexibly chain coordination. This is an online article dependent on key arranging: Will Lowering Your Prices Increase Profits? This was a short however practical connection for the investigation as portrays the relationship of value request and benefits with legitimate monetary models and hypothesis. Albeit because of the restriction of substance it doesn't a total system it gives chopping down costs would cost cash during the present moment. Indeed, even before, value decrease measures didn't do a lot to enlarge deals volumes and were coordinated rapidly by the opponents. This issue is one looked by each retailer: however circuitous, since a long time ago run versatility of cost may be high, direct, the short-run flexibility of cost is very low. Any significant slices in cost are probably going to have huge negative effects on edge for two or three years or more, and they should be paid during that time in some way. References Vital arranging: Will Lowering Your Prices Increase Profits?. 2017. [Online]. Accessible through https://www.marketingmo.com/vital arranging/will-bringing down your-costs increment benefits/. Venegas, B.B. furthermore, Ventura, J.A., 2018. A two-phase flexibly chain coordination system considering value touchy interest and amount limits. Diary of Operational Research, 264(2), pp.524-533. Mankiw, N.G., 2014. Standards of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Tisdell, C.A., 2015. The hypothesis of value vulnerability, creation, and benefit. Princeton University Press. Li, Z. what's more, Yada, K., 2015, November. For what reason do Retailers End Price Promotions: A Study on Duration and Profit Effects of Promotion. In Data Mining Workshop (ICDMW), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 328-335). IEEE.

1030 Example

1030 Example 1030 â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionDigital disruption is referred to as changes in digital technologies occurring at a pace that causes disruption in the established value creation ways, social interactions, our thinking generally, and ways of doing business. It can also refer to the new digital technological changes which occur and new versions of business models which usually affect the value proposition of the various existing goods and services too. On the other hand, IT strategy is the main component that is established to create a very competitive advantage over all sorts of competition (Thomond and Lettice, 2002). The IT policy creates the difference between the success of a business and the failure of business. Any company which makes use of IT strategy runs its activities smoothly and therefore ends up being successful whereas any business that operates its operations without involving digital technologies may end up failing. Rapid increase in personal and work uses of mobile devices have led t o an increment of digital disruption potential across many industries (Schmidt and Cohen, 2010). These have also caused disruption of media and entertainment industries on changes concerning how customers access the content being communicated by advertisers. Digital disruption can be viewed as an opportunity for many business where the resulting innovation can be used to make the company products competitive in the market. It has been said to cause high inequality risks and dislocates labor and capital, as many organizations are becoming capital intensive. The essay is trying to explore the implications of the digital disruption on the information technology strategy (Hang, Chen and Subramian, 2010). This entails critical analysis of the literature that is relevant to the digital disruption and IT strategy. The possible challenges that are likely to be faced by businesses due to the digital disruption are explored and conclusion relating to the effects of digital disruption on IT strategy provided. Critical analysisDigital disruptions do occur in different levels that can include disruptions concerning individual life. For instance, mobile connectivity can be taken to disrupt work-life boundaries that are established. Second, the digital disruptions can be regarding the work practices that can involve narrating work using microblogging in organization leading to change in the valuable work that counts in the organization (Christensen and Overdorf, 2000). Third, digital disruptions to the practices of businesses where the change in technology van result in social media use in the workplace disrupting the way information is transfer in the company leading to changes in power relationships. The disruption can also take place in the structure of industry where the digitalization of processes can disrupt production process, delivery, and value chains. Lastly, disruptions can be to the social systems where the increased use of the social media can cause disruptio ns to the traditional practices. Digital disruptions can be associated with the efforts that are geared towards realizing efficiency in operations. The advancements in technology have been contributing a lot in the digital disruptions as organizations are using the technologies to enhance their performance and realize efficiency (Klenner, Hüsig and Dowling, 2013). Many organizations are working toward achieving competitive advantages in eth market by coming up with innovative strategies that can make their products competitive. As a result, the companies operating in competitive market are using technology leading to disruption in the way of operations. For instance, organizations that are working towards achieving cost advantages tend to use technology in achieving efficiency.

Mid Term Short Id Exam - 1220 Words

Mid-Term: Short ID Exam; â€Å"Top Ten† 1. Bronze Age; The Bronze Age was a time when Europe and Asia minor began to transition from the use of stone to bronze ores. It is believed it started sometime in 2300 B.C in parts of Europe. The importance of this period is significant because during this time it shows the improvement of human technology. During this time, bronze is smelted into tools and weapons. The bronze outperformed the stone tools and weapons. It then leads to trading across to the Indus Valley where tools, weapons, jewelry and toys are being made to trade. It then eventually reaches Japan as well. I think this is important because it shows humanity skills to always improve in one way or another in this case taking ores and†¦show more content†¦3. Australopithecus; Also known as the Southern Ape found in the African Savannah. Believed to have been the first hominids or human-like species about 4 million years ago. It is historically significant because it is basically the early if not the first of human beings on Earth. It is important enough to be included in this top ten list because the Southern Ape played a big role in human evolution. They were the first species to show human-like genes, first ones to have increased brain activity which eventually led to Homo-Habilis and then Homo-Sapiens. 4. Insecurity Index; It is a sort of scale that determines the insecurity of an individual. When humans adapt to an environment it is a response to this insecurity we feel about one self. The insecurity that is at hand can be physical or psychological. This is important to be included in my top ten and is significantly important because it is a theme throughout humanity. The Insecurity Index stems from the human ambition to continue to survive no matter the insecurity leading us humans to adapt to what we might believe is threatening or challenging in any environment it gives us our identity or sense of self. 5. Ionian Enlightenment; Known as the Ionian Intellectual Revolution was a time where scientific thinking, explanations and

Good Managers versus Bad Managers - 963 Words

Good Managers versus Bad Managers Good Managers versus Bad Managers Why is it that some individual develop into good managers while other don’t? The dispute is that they fail to develop required dexterities and characteristics due to the lack of proper management coaching. In many instances, people receive promotions into positions of management but do not get proper backing and training to be able to adequately perform their duties. A good manager has expertise in organization, professionalism and is a good people manager. A bad manager battles with such competencies. The aptitude to be an exemplary manager largely depends on amazing organizational handiness. To be successful in managing others, it is of great magnitude to lay down priorities and allocate them in accordance to the abilities and skills of each individual. Well-organized leaders are capable of performing easily while displaying confidence and hegemony in the firm. He or she can also generate a constructive environment for all employees. An executive’s administrative skills are also aimed at particular tasks; for instance deciding of deadlines for projects as well evaluating employee performance all of which makes a vital contribution to making the work system more efficient. For a manager to be termed as successful there is need for them to also have planning skills. There are fourrudimentary steps in the process of planning. The initial step involves the development of objectives coupled with goals.Show MoreRelatedA Better Manager : What Makes A Good Manager?1417 Words   |  6 PagesA Better Manager 1 Conflict is when you are coming into a disagreement or an argument that may arise. As a manager in a workforce, that manager should always expect to have some sort of conflict; whether it is with other managers or subordinates that work under that management. There is very difference situation in which makes a good manager versus what makes a bad manager. For instance, most successful managers come from life experience such as learning the techniques of handlingRead MoreRight Vs Right Versus Right1125 Words   |  5 PagesRight Vs Right â€Å"Sometimes business owners or managers will be confronted with a difficult problem which will question one’s morals and responsibility. These situations are called right versus right and not right versus wrong. In a right versus right situation a business owner or manager must choose between two ways of solving it the problem. Each alternative is the right thing to do, but there is no way to do both†. (Badaracco 1) In this essay I will put myself in the position of the business ownerRead MoreResponsibility Of The Actions Of His Employees As Their Leader Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesA great manager is willing to take the responsibility of the actions of his employees as their leader. Great manager learns from the company s previous mistakes and are devoted to better the company. Managers should be knowledgeable about the company, to prepare them to answer any questions the employees or customers ask. They motivate their employees to be successful and accomplish the company’s day to day task. A great manager listens to employees and customers. They improve from what they areRead MoreEssay on Reality-Based Leadership ~ My Opinion1554 Words   |  7 Pagesare; managing versus leading, leading your employees and yourself, and delegating your authority. During these topics I will summarize what the book talks about then analyze what was discussed and provide my thoughts about whether or not I think it is realistic or wishful thinking. 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Human Side of Management Management versus leadershipRead MoreGood And Bad Traits For Managers1283 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Throughout our research, we have discovered what are generally considered good and bad traits for managers to possess, as well as researched the similarities and differences in opinion based on age range, position, and industry. Our goal for this report is to demonstrate what traits enable managers to be most effective in all aspects. Results We received a wide range of responses from our survey. However, we found that despite the difference in age, position, and industry, thereRead MoreWhy Management Is An Effective Manager Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to be an effective manager, managers must do two important things well, these two things are: managers must achieve their organization s targets and goals, and second manager must make the best possible use of all the resources that they have at their disposal. To start, we need to recognize that management is not an easy role to perform and it is vital to an organization s success. Since the early 1980s, management has sometimes had a bad image; managers can be described as controllingRead MoreThe Article Psych Me Out Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pagesjust got hired to work for a small local CPA firm as a junior accountant. Since he was one of the top graduates of his class, his managers expected more out of him and therefore assigned him tasks that he has not been trained on. Since Stacy was still in the process of learning the ropes he was struggling with meeting due dates. Due to his poor performance his managers, Bob and Leandra, were more critical of him than they should have been, and reprimanded Stacy by placing him on probation and takingRead MoreWhat Makes A Bad Leader And How They Can Improve1614 Words   |  7 PagesBackground I work Fulltime at Electrical Supply Company and I have observed many types of leaders in my time working both as a manger and as an employee. For the purpose of this assignment I am going call this person John Doe. He is a bad leader because he lacks compassion, integrity, and the will to see things through. During my time working their I have had this manger chastise me in front of my employees causing me to lose credibility. Also, when he visits the store he is always on his phone sometimesRead MoreDifference Between Leadership And Management1499 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Management are two commentary systems of actions all companies, schools, businesses, or any location dealing with guidance must have. However, they are two different systems of actions along with skills a leader versus a manager must have. Each has its own characteristic activities that are necessary for success to be achieved by the people under their control. Following I will explain the difference b etween leadership and management, the complimentary skills they share and reasons

“Life Insurance Buying Behavior” Free Essays

Most of us really see to it that we will have better lives in the future. It is been our desires that we can live a life full of comforts and our needs are supplied and met. We sometimes look ahead of time or we go beyond in our horizons so that we can prepare what lies ahead of us especially when we will grow old. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Life Insurance Buying Behavior† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of this, we tend to get life insurance to secure our unknown future. This kind of trend is very popular in Toronto, Canada as well as around the globe. But before we go further to our thorough discussions, we must know first what is life insurance and what are the possible benefits that we could get from it. When we say life insurances, it occasionally pertains to as life insurance which arranges for a sum or disbursement of money upon the death of the insured. Moreover, life insurance can also used as a way or method of saving or investment. Through this, we can receive many benefits. The insurance on human lives include benefaction benefit, supplementary benefits in event of death or disarticulate by accidental means or accidents, supplementary benefits for annuities and disability. There are several kinds of life and relative insurance products. The people or the public alters and the necessity for life insurance alters in analogy. The purposes of this study are to understand the buying behavior of life insurance at Toronto, Canada and the reasons why they buy life insurance. *Buying behavior of life insurance in Toronto and its reasons why buys it* In a study conducted in March 14, 2006 and entitled â€Å"Life Insurance: Like ‘Deal or No Deal’ without the Drama† advocated that â€Å"what does the game show â€Å"Deal or No Deal† have in similar with life insurance. Kerzner concluded that both are the same because like in a game, contestants are sweating out with regards to their decision in  order to be in the right track so that they can get the jackpot. Same as buying life insurance because buyers go through such experience due to its big amount of money involve. In a LIMRA research, it presents that several people delay or postpone in spite they learn that they need more life insurance. In a survey made by LIMRA of both non-buyers and buyers of life insurance, only 4 out of 10 non-buyers commented that they were scared of making wrong choice or conclusion and half of it explained that they couldn’t choose how much to buy and 70 percent answered that they could not afford it. Kerzner added that: â€Å"Behavioral economics tells us that when people say they can’t afford life insurance, even when they admit they don’t have enough, there’s more to it than a straight budget calculation,† Kerzner said. â€Å"The negative feelings of ‘losing’ the premium for more insurance are often a lot stronger than the positive feelings of buying the needed protection.†1 An article entitled â€Å"Increased protection for life and health consumers: CompCorp† stated that CompCorp guards Canadian policyholders in opposition to loss of benefits in the occurrence that life and health insurance company be unsuccessful. It was announced that its members favored and commended three improvements and augmentations to its consumer defense:2 Accumulated Values are fully protected up to $100,000;3 1 â€Å"Life Insurance: Like ‘Deal or No Deal’ Without the Drama. March 14, 2006. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/LIMRA-Survey-Life-Insurace-603.php  3-2 Ibid†¦ For Cash Values, CompCorp ensures that policyholders receive at least 85% of their promised benefits and, below $60,000, CompCorp ensures 100% protection;4 Guaranteed amounts of Segregated Funds are protected under Cash Value coverage and, as such, policyholders receive at least 85% of their promised benefits and, below $60,000, CompCorp ensures 100% protection CompCorp protection puts in to every Canadian policyholder altogether with a current and prevailing product to any recent policies purchased from a member company.5   Another article stated that â€Å"in December 2003, Canadian life insurance application activity has enlarged and improved 3.5 percent as years by. Canadian life insurance application activity gauged and calculated as a percent of the sum in North American Life Index has enlarged over the years successively. MIB Life Index- Percent Change 5 â€Å"Increased protection for life and health consumers: CompCorp†. July 7. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/CompCorp-enhancements-507.php An article stated that there was a mass marketing. Corporations or companies advertised recent products and services to all their valued customers even though those products or services were suitable for the individuals on the mailing list of the company. When a certain bank presented a mass marketing movement, there is 1 percent up to 3 percent reply rate was well-thought-out successful. If the regular direct-mail movement costs a company about $98,000 to spread 100,000 customers, in accordance to its estimation from the New York City Direct Marketing Association that organization is getting a large amount of loss.6 6 â€Å"Slices of Lives†.  http://www.cio.com/magazine References â€Å"Life Insurance: Like ‘Deal or No Deal’ Without the Drama. March 14, 2006. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/LIMRA-Survey-Life-Insurace-603.php â€Å"Increased protection for life and health consumers: CompCorp†. July 7. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/CompCorp-enhancements-507.php â€Å"2003 Annual Report†. http://www.mib.com/webcontent/2003%20MIB%20Life%20Index%20Annual%20Report.pdf â€Å"Slices of Lives†. http://www.cio.com/magazine How to cite â€Å"Life Insurance Buying Behavior†, Essay examples

Equity & Trust Charitable Business Purpose

Question: Discuss about the Equity Trust for Charitable Business Purpose. Answer: Part A Issue Whether the objects of the entities which have been mentioned in the question would be charitable at law or not? Rule Charities Act 2005 Application Established for a charitable purpose, they are a type of express trust but they differ in that: It isnt necessary to have a human beneficiary Therefore the test for certainty of objects becomes irrelevant for a charitable trust Rather the key question is whether the settlor intending to create a trust for a valid charitable purpose Charitable trust arent subject to the rule against perpetuities, they can go on forever, dont have to end. Charities (including charitable trusts) registered under the Charities Act 2005 enjoy a number of financial advantages. Including exemptions from: Income tax-Charitable trusts can run business to generate income for their charity purpose, just because youre a business doesnt mean you will loose your charitable trust statues. Gift duty Rates (in some circumstances) Because charitable trust dont need to have a human beneficiary there is not necessarily any person who can enforce the trust. As a result, the crown via the Attorney General is empowered with oversight of charitable trusts. Charity is represented by the AG, if something goes wrong, they have to go to court, law gives AG a general oversight in terms of charitable trusts. (New Zealand legislation, 2016). Pemsels Case (Income Tax-Special Purposes Commissioners v Pemsel[1891] AC 531: MacNaughton L ruled that the list of 1601 came down to four heads of charity; Trusts for the relief of poverty Trusts for the advancement of education Trust for the advancement of religion and; Trust for other purposes beneficial to the community and not falling under the other three heads Conclusion So, it has been concluded that Yes, the objectives of both the entities were charitable at law as it has been clearly defined under section 13 of the Charities Act. Part B Issue Whether there are some situations by which the charitable trust variations takes place or not? Rule Charitable Trusts Act 1957 Application once trust established for charitable purpse, property cannot revert back, can only ever be used for a charitable purpose. Re Twigger [1989] 3 NZLR 329: A rich man in the 19thCentury, in his will set up trusts for an old persons home, the Canterbury orphanage and for a CHCH refuge for city women who had succumbed to the temptations incidents of city life. The old peoples home today is still going, but the orphanage is not. In the 1980s a hospital board proposed a scheme to reorganise the money. Tipping J found problems with their proposal. He said under the old rules the money had to go to a purpose as close as possible to the failed one, but there was no such restriction in s32, only a moral obligation that the wishes of the will maker should be followed as closely as possible. The money for the orphanage was later transferred to a childrens home instead. Tipping J said under the Act he could not modify the proposed scheme, the trustees would have to go away, draw up a new one, get the AGs approval and then bring it back to the court. He thought there should be reform, but it has never eventuated. Re Slatters Will Trust [1964]Ch 512: left all money to a saburculoses hospital, time she died, hospital was closed. What happens? Under equitable principles the trustees can apply for a cy-pres modification of trust where a modification is found as close to the settlors intentions as possible, even if original purpose is impossible. The settlor had manifested a general charitable intention to devote property to a charitable purpose. Today rule has been taken over by statute, but doctrine of cy-pres still remains relevant. Charitable Trusts Act 1957: part 3 provides mechanism for the modification and variation of the mode of administration and of the purposes of the charitable trust. This process is done through the AG. If charitable trust fails, money and property doesnt go back to settlor, trustee will come up with scheme to do the settlors intentions as best as possible with a new remedy, will go to the AG and if they are happy with it, goes to court and is passed (Mundsen, 2013). Charitable trust exam question- may get exam question looking about setting up a purpose trust, what if it doesnt come within one of the heads- no beneficiary= could be charitable trust. (Socities Trusts, 2016). Conclusion It has been the methods which were set out under the act have been mentioned above in regard to the variation. 3. Part 2 (A) Issue Whether there are some methods by which courts determine the applicability of granting interim injunction or not? Rule Judicature Act 1908 Application An interim injunction is a temporary order of the court that prohibits or compels some action until the court has heard the arguments of all the parties and made a permanent order. In a case like this, when the applicant approaches the Court complaining against the Statutory Authority alleging arbitrariness, bias or favouritism, the court, being custodian of law, must examine the averments made in the application to form a tentative opinion as to whether there is any substance in those allegations (New Zealand Legislation, 2016). Grant of temporary injunction, is governed by three basic principles, i.e. prima facie case; balance of convenience; and irreparable injury, which are required to be considered in a proper perspective in the facts and circumstances of a particular case. But it may not be appropriate for any court to hold a mini trial at the stage of grant of temporary injunction (Vide S.M. Dyechem Ltd. Vs. M/s. Cadbury (India) Ltd., AIR 2000 SC 2114; and Anand Prasad Agarwalla (supra). The grant of an interlocutory injunction is subject to its own test for consideration by the court,2 namely, whether: there is a fair and bona fide question to be tried; Damages would be an adequate remedy; and the balance on convenience favors the grant of an injunction (Carey, 2012). Conclusion It has been concluded that there has been various methods which were considered by the court in order to grant interim injunction which have been specified if they would be fulfilled then it can be granted. 3 (2). Issue Whether there were some issues pertaining to trustees duties does the current circumstance illustrate or not? Rule Trustee Act 1956 Application General rule: trustee required to administer trust in accordance with general principles of law and the trust instrument. There has been some duties which should be performed by him such as: To make acquaintance with trusts terms To adhere to the terms of the trust To maintain impartiality between beneficiaries: It includes two different aspects to the duty: Trustee must act impartially between individual beneficiaries Trustee must act impartially between different classes of beneficiaries. Sometimes its hard for trustee to balance interest of one beneficiary with a life interest and interest of beneficiaries who receive that benefit after person dies. To act in the beneficiaries best interests To avoid conflicts of interest (trustees owe a duty of loyalty to the trust): fiduciary relationship- equity recognizes. One party has measure of advantage over another party- must be counteracted by making sure one party adheres to higher standard of good behavior and conscience. Fiduciary relationship is called a duty of loyalty- which isnt actually a specific duty, is essentially policy that expresses over aim of other, more detailed obligations. Two key ones are fiduciary obligation not to act in situations where there is a conflict of interest, fiduciary duty not to make a profit at the expense of the beneficiary. Not to profit from the trusteeship: In the case of Bray v Ford [1896] AC 44 it was clearly held that it is an inflexible rule of a court of equity that a person in a fiduiary position is not, unless otherwise expressly provided, entitled to make a profit; he is not allowed to put himself in a position where his interest and his duty conflict. To invest the trust funds The rule against self-dealing, etc As per Trustee Act 1956 trustee have some other rights also such as: Section38(1): Implied right of indemnity: trustee may reimburse himself or pay or discharge out of the trust property all expenses reasonably incurred in or about the execution of the trusts or powers. 38(2): no trustee shall be allowed cost for execution of trusts unless the contrary is expressly declared by the instrument creating the trust. Section 13A Duty to invest Sections 13B Duty of trustee to invest prudently Section 13C duty of certain persons to exercise special skill Not to delegate their work to others To be active To act unanimously To pay the correct beneficiaries To keep proper accounts and give information as required The right to apply to the court for directions (Fortune Manning, 2016). Conclusion As mentioned above were the duties of the trustees but in the current situation Sarah would be liable for breaching the duty of a trustee as being a trustee it was clearly mentioned that he or she should not have persnla interest an in this case she was reluctant to agree as she was thinking that selling the property may cause a short term impact on her interest. So she would be punishable for the same. 4. Issue Whether it is likely that the family trust will be opened to allow creditors to be paid with the trust assets or not? Rule Property Relationships Act Application A landmark decision of the Supreme Court released in 2016 has clarified the circumstances in which assets held in a trust may be vulnerable to relationship property claims and potentially claims by creditors. The case involved a property trust which had been settled by Mr Clayton around 13 years after commencing a relationship with Mrs Clayton. Mr and Mrs Clayton separated after a 17-year marriage and had two daughters who are the final beneficiaries of the property trust. Mr Clayton maintained that none of the assets in the trust were relationship property and that Mrs Clayton was not entitled to a division of those assets as part of the relationship property settlement. The significance of this court decision is that the Supreme Court found that the various powers which Mr Clayton enjoyed under the trust deed gave him such a degree of control over the assets of the trust that those powers were effectively property for the purposes of the Property Relationships Act. The value of those powers was equivalent to the value of the trust assets, and were relationship property and able to be divided equitably between Mr and Mrs Clayton (Herbert Smith Freehills, 2016). This decision is significant in a number of ways. First, it looks at the cumulative effect of the different provisions of the trust deed and concludes that those provisions give Mr Clayton the power to effectively deal with the trust capital and income in whatever way he chooses. Mr Clayton is the sole trustee of the trust and is also the settlor. He is a Principal Family Member under the trust deed which gave him the power of appointment of both discretionary beneficiaries and trustees. He had the power to change any provision relating to the management and administration of the trust. Most importantly, he had the power to pay or apply all of the trust capital to one or more discretionary beneficiaries (of which he was one). He could also provide for early distribution of the trust capital including to himself alone. The trust deed also contains a very broad resettlement power which means that Mr Clayton could establish a new trust for any one or more of the discretionary beneficiaries (including himself) leaving little or no capital in the property trust. The cumulative effect of these provisions gave Mr Clayton such control over trust property that the Supreme Court treated the cumulative rights as property rights of Mr Clayton for the purposes of the Property Relationships Act which are equivalent to the value of the trust assets and available to be divided under that legislation. It is possible that the same argument could be made where a liquidator is seeking to recover assets which have been settled on a trust and indeed one of the authorities relied on by the Supreme Court did arise in a liquidation case rather than a relationship property case. This decision reinforces the importance of ensuring that a trust deed is well drafted and ensures that no one person is able to control the assets of the trust in the way that Mr Clayton was able to do. It is advisable to have more than one trustee and at least one independent trustee who is not a beneficiary of the trust. It is important to ensure that the powers to appoint and remove beneficiaries and trustees cannot be used to subvert the purposes of the trust which is to provide for the final discretionary beneficiaries. In the Clayton case there were a number of provisions which removed the normal fiduciary obligations of Mr Clayton (that is the duties of good faith). The nail in the coffin for Mr Clayton was that there was no effective means of preventing him from exercising the powers he was given in favour of himself. In establishing a trust, the settlors do lose a degree of control over their assets. In many situations, client resist losing control and choose not to have an independent trustee and to have provisions similar to those in the Clayton case. This decision reinforces that such trusts are not impregnable to the claims of spouses and liquidators or other creditors. Conclusion It has been concluded that yes in some cases it can be done. 5. Part A Issue Whether to someone do the proceeds of Julians dishonesty belongs or not? Rule Corporations Act Application The proceeds of Julian would belong to the corporation and Ron from which he took money. In both New Zealand and Canada a flexible approach has been adopted in relation to relief for breach of fiduciary duty and in other contexts including breach of confidence claims. In these jurisdictions, the constructive trust is not considered to be the most appropriate remedy in the vast majority of cases (Ridge, 2016). The approach of the High Court to the award of a constructive trust in respect of gains acquired in breach of fiduciary duty has changed significantly in recent years. In earlier authorities, it was asserted that a constructive trust arises in respect of the gains and that the advantage must be held for the beneficiary. In Henry (Keith) Co v Walker (Stewart)Dixon CJ, McTiernan and Fullagar JJ indicated that any property acquired by use of the fiduciary position is held by the fiduciary in trust for the beneficiaries, whilst in Hospital Products Mason J also indicated that the fiduciary must account in equity, and the appropriate remedy is by means of a constructive trust. Conclusion Therefore, it has been mentioned above that Julian have breached his duty and therefore would be liable for the same. Part B Issue Whether A-Door is likely to be successful in an action against Ken in equity and preferable to sue for breach of contract or not? Rule Contract Law Application Oral contracts are spoken agreements that are sometimes legally binding. The problem proving an oral contract is the lack of tangible evidence. Oral contract cases often rely on the performance of one or both parties that exhibits a clear reliance on the agreement. Certain oral contracts are considered enforceable. Enforceable contracts are those which a legal remedy is offered if they are breached by either party. There are several remedies for breach of contract, such as award of damages, specific performance, rescission, and restitution. In courts of limited jurisdiction, the main remedy is an award of damages. Because specific performance and rescission are equitable remedies that do not fall within the jurisdiction of the magistrate courts Conclusion Therefore, yes it has been concluded that A- door would be successful in making action against Ken in equity. And would be liable to get award of damages for breach. References Carey, G. (2012). Ireland: Court Confirms Restrictive Approach To Mandatory Interlocutory Injunctions. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: Fortune Manning. (2016). The Duties, Office And Powers Of A Trustee. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://www.fortunemanning.co.nz/Publications/Family+Trusts/The+Duties+Office+And+Powers+Of+A+Trustee.html Herbert Smith Freehills. (2016). Creditors and Jurisdiction Choose Wisely. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://hsfnotes.com/pwtd/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/HSF-Second-White-Paper.pdf https://www.mondaq.com/ireland/x/210140/Arbitration+Dispute+Resolution/Employment+Pensions+and+Benefits+Newsletter+November+2012 Moore Stephens Markhams. (2016). Trustee of a Family Trust? Are you aware of your responsibilities? Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://www.markhams.co.nz/trustee-of-a-family-trust-are-you-aware-of-your-responsibilities/ Mundsen, V. ( 2013). Variation of CharitableTrust. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://mattersoftrust.co.nz/2013/10/13/variation-of-charitable-trust/ New Zealand legislation. ( 2016). Charities Act 2005. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2005/0039/latest/DLM344368.html#DLM345006 New Zealand Legislation. (2016). Judicature Act 1908. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1908/0089/latest/DLM147653.html Ridge, P. (2016). Participatory Liability for Breach of Trust or Fiduciary Duty. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://law.anu.edu.au/sites/all/files/users/u8613731/ridge_chapter_final.pdf Socities Trusts. (2016). Charitable Trusts. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://www.societies.govt.nz/cad-docs/F/FS_Charitable_Trusts.html Te Puni Kokiri. ( 2016). Duties of directors/trustees. Retrieved on 23rd October 2016 from: https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/whakamahia/effective-governance/being-a-board-member/duties-of-directorstrustees/

Chelicerates (Chelicerata)

Chelicerates (Chelicerata) Chelicerates (Chelicerata) are a group of arthropods that includes harvestmen, scorpions, mites, spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, and ticks. There are about 77,000 living species of chelicerates. Chelicerates have two body segments (tagmenta) and six pairs of appendages. Four pairs of appendages are used for walking and two (the chelicerae and the pedipalps) are used as mouthparts. Chelicerates have no mandibles and no antennae. Chelicerates are an ancient group of arthropods that first evolved about 500 million years ago. Early members of the group included the giant water scorpions which were the largest of all arthropods, measuring up to 3 meters in length. The closest living cousins to giant water scorpions are the horseshoe crabs. Early chelicerates were predatory arthropods, but modern chelicerates have diversified to take advantage of a variety of feeding strategies. Members of this group are herbivores, detritivores, predators, parasites, and scavengers. Most chelicerates suck liquid food from their prey. Many chelicerates (such as scorpions and spiders) are unable to eat solid food due to their narrow gut. Instead, they must expel digestive enzymes onto their prey. The prey liquifies and they can then ingest the food. The exoskeleton of a chelicerate is a hard external structure made of chitin that protects the arthropod, prevents desiccation, and provides structural support. Since the exoskeleton is rigid, it cannot grow with the animal and must be molted periodically to allow for increases in size. After molting, a new exoskeleton is secreted by the epidermis. Muscles connect to the exoskeleton and enable the animal to control the movement of its joints. Key Characteristics six pairs of appendages and two body segmentschelicerae and pedipalpsno mandibles and no antennae Classification Chelicerates are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Arthropods Chelicerates Chelicerates are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Horseshoe crabs (Merostomata) - There are five species of horseshoe crabs alive today. Members of this group live in shallow marine waters along the Atlantic coast of North America. Horseshoe crabs are an ancient group of chelicerates that date back to the Cambrian. Horseshoe crabs have a distinct and unsegmented carapace (hard dorsal shell) and a long telson (a spine-like tailpiece).Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) - There are about 1300 species of sea spiders alive today. Members of this group have four pairs of very thin walking legs, a small abdomen, and elongated cephalothorax. Sea spiders are marine arthropods that feed on nutrients of other soft-bodied marine invertebrates. Sea spiders have a proboscis that enables them to obtain food from prey.Arachnids (Arachnida) - There are more than 80,000 species of arachnids alive today (scientists estimate that there might be more than 100,00 living species). Members of this group include spiders, scorpions, whip scorpions, ticks, mites, pseu doscorpions, and harvestmen. Most arachnids feed on insects and other small invertebrates. Arachnids kill their prey using their chelicerae and pedipalps. Sources Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S. Animal Diversity. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012. 479 p. Ruppert E, Fox R, Barnes R. Invertebrate  Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach. 7th ed. Belmont CA: Brooks/Cole; 2004. 963 p.

Who Popularized the term Talented Tenth

Who Popularized the term 'Talented Tenth'   How was the term Talented Tenth popularized?   Despite social inequalities and Jim Crow Era laws that became a way of life for African-Americans in the South after the Reconstruction period, a small group of African-Americans were forging ahead by establishing businesses and becoming educated. A debate began amongst African-American intellectuals concerning the best way for African-American communities to survive racism and social injustice in the United States. In 1903, sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois responded through his essay The Talented Tenth. In the essay, Du Bois argued: The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst.† With the publication of this essay, the term â€Å"Talented Tenth† became popularized. It was not Du Bois who first developed the term. The concept of the Talented Tenth was developed by the American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1896.   The American Baptist Home Mission Society was an organization comprised of Northern white philanthropists such as John D. Rockefeller. The purpose of the group was to help establish African-American colleges in the South to train educators and other professionals. Booker T. Washington also referred to the term â€Å"Talented Tenth† in 1903. Washington edited The Negro Problem, a collection of essays written by other African-American leaders in support of Washington’s position. Washington wrote: The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst, in their own and other races. Yet Du Bois defined the term, â€Å"Talented Tenth† to argue that one out of 10 African-American men could become leaders in the United States and the world if they pursued education, published books and advocated for social change in society. Du Bois believed that African-Americans really needed to pursue a traditional education versus the industrial education that Washington consistently promoted. Du Bois argued in his essay: â€Å"Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools - intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it - this is the curriculum of that Higher Education which must underlie true life. On this foundation we may build bread winning, skill of hand and quickness of brain, with never a fear lest the child and man mistake the means of living for the object of life.† Who were examples of the Talented Tenth? Perhaps two of the greatest examples of the Talented Tenth were Du Bois and Washington. However, there were other examples: The National Business League, established by Washington brought together African-American businessowners across the United States. The American Negro Academy, the first organization in the United States with the purpose of promoting African-American scholarship. Founded in 1897, the use of The American Negro Academy to promote the academic achievements of African-Americans in areas such as higher education, arts, and science.The National Association of Colored Women (NACW). Established in 1986 by educated African-American women, the purpose of the NACW was to fight sexism, racism, and social injustice.The Niagara Movement. Developed by Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter in 1905, the Niagara Movement led the way for the NAACP to be established.

Famine (global issue) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Famine (global issue) - Research Paper Example Globally, a high number of people are faced with food problems, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia, Latin America and North America. Famine results free free-market processes that have restructured the global economy, dating back to the debt crisis of the early 1980s. Famine as a phenomenon has been ongoing for a while. Modern scholars define famine in terms of a short-term effect of supply and demand for agricultural goods. Famine is a global issue, although many people attribute it to the developing world. This paper focuses on famine as a problem facing the world in general. While many countries rarely face famines in these modern times, it still remains a disturbing, yet controversial issue. The argument that developing countries are faced with higher chances of famine strikes, the assumption that developing countries are immune is not true. History has demonstrated that famine can strike at any time to whichever country, without necessarily the country being economi cally struggling. Natural calamities such as floods, earthquakes and drought have been found to be the biggest contributors of memorable famines in the history of the calamity. By addressing the major factors causing famines and instances in which major famines happened in the world, the paper seeks to prove that famine is a global issue. ... Increase in global inflationary levels has seen a steady increase in general global food prices with time. Statistics reveal that increase in food prices has contributed significantly to the increase in global famine levels. In some cases, famine effects have been so devastating that it almost escalated into a crisis. An example of such a country is Haiti, where food prices rose at an average rate of 40 percent in less than a year, with rice prices doubling. Famine is caused by acute hunger, characterized by short-term problems of food security that develops to intensive levels (Digby, 102). Famine is one of the major challenges facing human beings in the modern day world, claiming lives of a lot of people in third world countries, most of which fall in the African continent, Asia and Latin America. The other challenges that have similar devastating effects to humanity in the world are diseases such as HIV/AIDs and cancer. Many people have perished in times of hunger due to starvatio n. Although still at high levels, the current rates of famine in the world have reduced significantly. Stringent measures have been put to ensure that occurrence of famine incidences such as those that faced the world in the 19th century are not experienced again. The UN has through the United Nations Food Development Program (UNFDP) tried to save people from such adverse situations. The Red Cross also carries such a program like the relief food program to provide food to the hunger stricken areas. Such organizations, operating globally, dedicated to ensuring that people have enough food during times of hunger, show that famine is a global issue. Effects

Mexico Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mexico - Case Study Example Large numbers of multinational automobile manufacturers are either shifting their base from Canada to Mexico or are limiting their operations in Canada and expanding the same in Mexico (Althaus â€Å"Mexico Sets Auto Production Record, Aims for More†). Mexico has gained significant attention of automotive producers, as a result of several factors that deliver geographical and other competitive advantages to manufacturers. These advantages include extremely low wage rate, free trade agreements with approximately 45 countries across the globe, well-developed transport system with year-round ice free coastal ports and high level of financial incentives from Mexican government. Owing to these features, global automakers announced investment of $7 billion in Mexico as opposed to $750 million in Canada. Mexico’s stable and lucrative business environment has caused most automakers to adopt global strategy for business expansion (Keenan â€Å"Mexico races ahead in auto industry as Canada stalls†). Contextually, it is imperative to comprehend the distinction between international and global strategies even though they are frequently used interchangeably. These differentiating factors are degree of central involvement and coordination in strategic activities, degree of standardization in products and responsiveness towards local business environment and strategic integration and competitive steps. Since internationalization in Mexico is mainly about achieving competitiveness in production and operations, almost all companies adopt global strategy (Twarowska and Kakol 1005-1011). Under the purview of global strategy, most automakers ensure and exercise central control over production in Mexico and as automotive industry is about ensuring standardization in products, global strategy is most effective herein. Unlike international

What Is Strategic Spatial Planning Environmental Sciences Essay

What Is Strategic Spatial Planning Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Strategic spatial planning is arguably an approach which rails against the discourse of the scientific rational comprehensive models of planning which has and still does hold a large influence in current modes of planning. This short essay will hopefully explain to planners why a strategic spatial planning approach is more conducive in the current context which we find ourselves in. This will be done through answering a set of questions which will clarify the approach, its purpose and methods, how it differs from rational comprehensive approaches of master planning and land use planning, why planners should use it, what can be expected from it, and its usefulness. What is Strategic Spatial Planning? Strategic spatial planning is a method to help solve complex spatial problems through creating strategic visions and new spatial identities. According to Kaufman and Jacobs (in Albrechts, 2001) strategic systems originated in the US around the 1950s due to the need for rapidly changing and growing corporations to plan effectively and manage their futures at a time when the future seemed unclear. In Europe, strategic spatial planning dated back to the 1920s and 30s, and was used to direct the activities of others (Mastop in Albrechts, 2001). From Albrechts (2006) it can be understood that the word spatial brings into focus the where of things, the creation and management of special places and sites as well as the interrelations between different activities in an area, and significant intersections and nodes within an area. This spatial focus allows for a more effective way of integrating different agendas such as, economic, social, and cultural and their spatial impacts (Albrechts, 2006). The word strategy has its roots within a military context; in ancient battle armies would work out a strategy prior to the battle on how best to overcome the enemy. It is understood that this type of strategy had four basic elements an accurate understanding of the real situation, realistic goals, focused resources in areas where they would be most effective, and persistence of the action until the desired outcome is achieved (Albrechts, 2010). These elements are strongly rooted in systems of strategic spatial planning. In its entirety, strategic spatial planning is a process which is directed at a limited number of strategic key issue areas. It determines an areas strengths and weaknesses in the context of its opportunities and threats; it scans external trends, and the resources that are available. It gathers major public and private stakeholders and allows for a broad and diverse process of involvement. It develops a realistic long-term vision along with strategies in order to manage and influence spatial change. Importantly it is orientated towards decisions, actions, results, and implementation, in the short, medium and long-term (Albrechts, 2001). It is indeed impossible to understand material places and social nodes such as the city, the city-region and the region in terms of a one-dimensional hierarchy of scales (Albrechts, 2010:6). This definition illustrates that strategic spatial planning is not a single concept or procedure, but it is a set of concepts, procedures and tools that are tailored carefully to whatever situation is presented (Albrecht, 2001). Moreover it is a development-led approach and a transformative and integrative, public sector-led, and socio-spatial process through which a vision, coherent actions and means for implementation are produced; these are then able to shape and frame what a place is and its potential of what it may become (Albrechts, 2006) How does it differ from MASTER PLANNING and LAND USE PLANNING? In order to understand the difference one needs to understand the rationale of land use planning and master planning. Land use planning is a process of planning which is concerned with the location, intensity, form, amount, and harmonization of land development required for a variety of spatial uses; such as housing, industry, recreation, transport, education, and agriculture. A land use plan in this instance basically embodies a proposal as to how land should be used within a set of considered policy as expansion and restructuring progress in the future (Albrechts, 2004). Traditional land use planning is a more passive planning approach aimed at controlling land use through a zoning system and through regulations. This according to Albrechts (2006) seems unfit for bridging the gap between plan-making, political decision-making and implementation. This was one of the reasons why the need arose for a different type of planning a move away from regulatory policy and instruments to a development-led approach which aims to intervene more directly, coherently and selectively in social reality and development strategic spatial planning (Albrechts, 2006). For Albrechts (2001) strategic spatial planning is to a certain extent rendered towards an integrated socio-economic course of action that supersedes the mere focus on land use planning. For Master Planning on the other hand, Friedman (2007) found that it is almost a universally accepted form of planning practice. His survey found that in country after country, cities through their governments are mandated to produce master plans. Essentially within these master plans countries specify future land uses and location decisions. Master planning is a completely static practice and according to Friedman (2007) it needs to be rethought as it is out of line with the dynamic flows of globalisation. Friedman (2007) defines master planning as being typically municipal plans rather than regional plans, and as being exclusively concerned with land use rather than with the total spectrum of urban policy issues. They are drawn up by a specialized branch of municipal government rather than through a wider process of collaborative deliberation, and the process used to draw up master plans and getting them approved takes years thus rendering them out-dated by the time they can be implemented. Also they are top-down, with relatively minimum citizen participation, and lastly when it comes to large scale projects; master plans are often set aside to allow for necessary changes in land use and circulation patterns (Friedman, 2007). Opposing this, spatial planning is derived not from an official, mandatory character like master planning but from a role that coordinates instruments closely intertwined with urban policy formation and the design and implementation of large-scale projects. Spatial planning involves a range of actors that include communities, government officials and private stakeholders. The main purpose of spatial planning is not to mandate particular land uses as is in the instance of master planning but to allow for a better coordination of urban policies and large-scale project developments across space, to test alternative policies and designs through revising their social implications, and to allow for an informed public discourse about them (Friedman, 2007). In cities such as the new downtown peninsula of Vancouver, master planning has been abandoned for systems of spatial planning in which planning proceeds by way of involving public hearings, bargaining, and negotiations. The results of this transition over a period of 25 years are testimony to the viability not only of the Vancouver model but also of the more abstract spatial planning model (Friedman, 2007). What are its main PURPOSES and METHODS? Strategic spatial planning as mentioned earlier is used for complex problems where authorities at different levels and different sectors and private actors are mutually dependant (Albrecht, 2001). The model designs plan-making structures and develops content, images and decision frameworks which can influence and manage spatial change. It is about constructing new ideas and processes that can carry these structures through, thus generating ways of understanding, ways of consensus, and ways of organising and mobilizing for the purpose of exerting influence in different arenas (Albrecht, 2006). Both is the short and long term, strategic spatial planning focuses on framing decisions, actions, projects, results and implementation, and incorporates monitoring, feedback, adjustment and revision of the outcome. Its purpose therefore is not a new ideology preaching a new world order but as a method for creating and steering a better future for a place based on shared values (Albrechts, 2006). Albrechts (2006) goes further on to explain that the seven main aims of a strategic project are to develop an integrated innovative approach for the various project types; to develop a fully operational framework based on sustainability; to develop tools for quality management; to broaden the multi-actor/multi-level policy settings and to evaluate current settings; to disseminate the approach; to develop an educational model; and to establish a network of knowledge between researchers, professionals, and governments (Albrechts, 2006). The capacity for these projects to deliver the desired outcome is dependant firstly on the system itself and on the conditions underlying it such as structural constraints, and political, cultural, and professional attitudes towards spatial planning. The planning process is not intended to flow smoothly from one phase to the next. It is a dynamic and creative process wherein new views and facts that arise today may alter the decisions made yesterday (Albrechts, 2010). This illustrates that it is never a fixed process but is in a continuous start of change from beginning to end. The visions and frames which guide this process are never a given, rather they are to be constructed. The process of envisioning is the process by which groups develop visions of future states for themselves, their organisations, city, or their region that are clear, powerful and realistic. Essentially this means that the visions are to be constructed within a specific context and scale regarding issues that are of interest within that space and within a particular combination of actors. This is to be done within a method that fully recognises the conditions of power, inequality, and diversity. The vision describes a city or region as it may look like in the future, and it must appeal to the long-term interests of actors who have a stake in the city or region (Albrechts, 2010:8). Why do this kind of planning? Strategic spatial planning projects conduct an in-depth study of the area, thus giving preference to the location being affected over anything else. With this these projects study external trends and the resources available therefore allowing for a broad and diverse process. Also, by making use of this type of planning, planners are able to target a variety of areas; including urban, rural, and economic areas (Albrechts, 2006). In the instance of urban areas, strategic urban projects are useful as they aim to consolidate, transform, restructure or reuse the urban areas for new and emerging demands from public and private actors. With regards to rural areas, strategic projects are useful as they aim to transform rural and suburban dynamics into a more sustainable and qualitative form of development while not forgetting to enhance the cultural meaning of these spaces. Lastly, economic areas are seen as an important part of the effort to keep up international economic competitiveness. Strategic projects seek to turn away from the old concept of business parks spatial concept and management to a focus on the requirements of firms that are to be translated into specifically designed employment locations (Albrechts, 2006). And what can we expect from it? This question can be divided into two parts; we as planners and we as the public and private actors. First, the essay will intend to the address the latter part. Strategic spatial planning projects are strategic to achieve visions, goals, and objectives from a variety of policy sectors, and are to integrate the community being affected. Visions is arguably one of the most important factors of strategic projects as they are expected to be placed within the specific context, place, time and level, and are to regard specific issues that are of interest to the different actors (Albrechts, 2006). Essentially what can be expected from strategic spatial planning projects is a critical analysis of the main processes and structural constraints which shape spaces, which adds into a realistic, dynamic, integrated, and indicative long-term vision. It will provide a plan for short-term and long-term actions, a budget, and a flexible strategy for implementation (Albrechts, 2010). In terms of the projects eventual implementation, it will provide credible commitments to action engagement and a clear and explicit link to the budget thus allowing for citizens, private-sector, different levels of governance, and planners to enter a consensus (Albrechts, 2010). We as planners will expect a different set of tools, tools which will guide the planner on what to expect when acting as a strategic spatial planner. For Albrechts (2010), he finds it unthinkable that the planner should act merely as a neutral observer and refrain from playing a role in the construction of visions and images. Instead, Albrechts suggests that planners should be necessarily involved, and instrumental in substantiating, formulating and implementing images and visions. This is a logical perspective, as if planners merely observe, there expertise in certain situations are not shared, and their usefulness would be greatly undermined. Strategic spatial planners are to instead, challenge their own mental discourse which limit their creativity, and start anew thus allowing for their creativity and resourcefulness to flow and to be used in formulating, designing, and building new concepts and discourses (Albrechts, 2010). How useful is it? Strategic spatial planning is a flexible process that deals with complex problems and is able to mend to a wide range of problems, but also deals with each problem uniquely. This characteristic makes the approach very useful as it applies to a range of different issues. For example; the city of Barcelona started using a strategic planning approach in 1988 in order to enhance the cooperation between the public and private sector with the hope that the enhancement will strengthen the position of the city as a candidate for the Olympic Games (Albrechts, 2010). The city of Turin which was inspired by Barcelona also undertook a strategic approach in the mid 1990s, for Turin this formed the basis for rethinking the potential of a former monopolistic town that had been highly affected by the rise of the automobile industry. The aim for Strategic spatial planning here was to transform Turin into a European metropolis a city of activities and know-how (Albrechts, 2010:5). For the city of Bilbao, the vision was to transport the city into the economic, financial, and cultural capital of the Atlantic Arc. Lastly, for Prague, strategic spatial planning focused on integrating the city into European structures (Albrechts, 2010). From this it is clear that strategic spatial planning is applicable to a diverse range of issues and can adapt easily to what is required in the context for which it is envisioning, thus rendering it a useful approach to planning. Conclusion From the information discussed in this essay the approach of strategic spatial planning has been explained. Through using such an approach to planning it can be deduced that spaces can be become more active and interactive both on a local scale and the sectors within that scale and on an international scale. In short, episodes of strategic spatial planning informed by relational complexity concepts which accumulate sufficient power to travel effectively and have enduring material and mental effects should be judged in the long-term in terms of their capacity to enrich the imaginative resources, creative energies and governance cultures through which quality of life and experience of diverse citizens and stakeholders in particular places are likely to be enhanced. (Healey, 2006:19)

Petronas Twin Tower

Petronas Towers, also known as Petronas Twin Towers, are twin buildings situated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on the site of city’s race track. Of the two building, the one named Tower 1 was built by Hazama Corporation, while the other, known as Tower 2, was constructed by Samsung Engineering & Construction. The construction work on Petronas Towers was completed in 1998 and they were opened in August 1999. At the time of their completion, the twin buildings were the tallest buildings in the world and continued to be so till 2004.The interior design of the towers depicts the influence of Malaysian culture. An interesting fact is that the effort that went into the building of these towers, turned out to be global. The architect was an Argentinian; the consultants were from Canada, the structural design engineers were from New York and lastly two consortiums were hired one from Japan and the other from South Korea. Location: Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Area: 4,252,000 sq. ft. Built in: 1 August 1999 Built by: KLCC Holdings Architect: Cesar Pelli There are 88 stories in Petronas Twin Towers.The Towers were designed by Argentine-American architect Cesar Pelli. The foundation of Petronas Twin Towers is as much as 120 m deep and was built by Bachy Soletanche. Reinforced Concrete is the main material used in the construction of the Towers. Petronas Twin Towers make use of glass facade that was designed to resemble Islamic art motifs. The overall height of the Towers is 483ft. Petronas Towers spread over an area or around 3. 7 million sq. ft. The sky-bridge of the Twin Towers is at 41st and 42nd level and is 192ft long. It weighs 750 tons.There are 10 escalators in each building of Petronas Towers. The entry to the Towers is free, but only a limited number of timed tickets are provided on a daily basis. It cost US $1. 2 billion to build the Towers. After the initial design by the architects, structural engineers were called in to determine how the structur es were to be actually built. Before construction began, the structural engineers performed site tests to ensure that the buildings, which had an estimated weight of over 300,000 metric tons, would have a good foundation.During these examinations, they found that the original site contained an underground cliff that made it unsuitable for building. With extra work and expense, the towers could have been built on this site, but the engineers predicted that in years to come, the towers would begin to tilt. They then decided on a site, 60 meters southeast of the original, where they could develop a more stable, uniform foundation. Each building's foundation was set from 55 to 130 meters underground and contained individual supports surrounded by a mixture of sand and cement.The supports were then filled with a concrete mixture created especially for this project. This concrete was continuously poured for over 52 hours to ensure stability and a smooth finish. The process of excavating t he site and laying the foundation took about a year to complete. Subsequent to the foundation being set, construction on the towers began. Since constructing a tower this tall was new ground for the contractors involved, they were forced to use new ideas to aid in their task. They employed the Global Positioning Satellite system to calculate the accuracy of the towers' vertical height.Instead of employing the conventional steel framework used in most skyscrapers, structural consultants opted for concrete. The designers realized that steel structures tended to be more flexible whereas the stiffer concrete would be more suitable for the job. Since the architect wished for tall, slender buildings, a new concrete, three times stronger than any other concrete used in construction, was developed and successfully deployed. The buildings' floor beams were made from steel in order to minimize height.The fire alarm system is designed using specific fire detection systems that include smoke an d heat detectors, manual call points, sprinkler-system tracking and a firemen‘s telephone / two-way intercom system. Each tower has an individual fire alarm . The fire safety plan of the towers is designed so that if a fire happens on a floor, the shuttle elevators will be available for use in evacuating residents. Other floors would be evacuated or residents relocated only if required. They can also go one tower to another through the bridge on 41 and 42 level if fire breaks out.

Outrageous Truth Essay Topics Tips

Outrageous Truth Essay Topics Tips The History of Truth Essay Topics Refuted Essay Singapore extends to you a wide selection of topics for several kinds of essays. Having selected a fantastic topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. Read and analyze some persuasive essay examples to find out more regarding the structure and vocabulary employed within this form of essay. You are a genuine expert in regards to persuasive essay topics. A proposal essay is extremely easy to comprehend. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. Our written essay on honesty might help students to receive their destination very easily. There are many steps which you should take so as to write a fantastic essay. The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. Additionally, you can capture reader attention with the aid of funny essay topics. There are lots of people nowadays looking for answers. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are essential to support your understanding of academic writing style. Though the span of the topic will mostly depend on the duration of an essay you're going to write, it is is still recommended to choose one specific question and adhere to it in your work. If you decide on one of these topics, you will surely succeed to draw the interest of your audience since they involve the latest discussion topics. If you get to select your own topic, that's terrific. In the end, be certain that the topic you select can be supported by some factual evidence. Because your privilege is not going to fail you. Since you may see, the process is everywhere the same. If all the individuals seriously practice to acquire honest, then the society will turn into a best society and absolutely free of all of the corruptions and evils. It's relatively similar in the full mourning procedure and each of us finds our own approach to grieve. When you are finished with your essay, you must not merely check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. In a world where truth is regarded as the maximum type of goodness, an individual must be mindful not to become fixated on a single view of the truth, for there are a few advantages to the notion of foma. If you eat an excessive amount of truth simultaneously, you can die of the reality. The truth is a rather important thing for a person. You don't have to be afraid, but you have to start to be conscious of what's going on. Home buying loans let you fulfill your fantasy of owning the home of your dreams. To begin with, you should think what idea you want to present. Therefore, it can be deduced, she's afflicted by identity crisis and she's not able to establish whether to hold on to her past or let it go and continue on with her life. You are unable to undo whatever has transpired in your life! There are lots of stories about a wide range of supernatural beings in Ireland. It's hard for a man to think about that zoos may be beneficial for human education when they're fixated on the notion that animals in zoos are suffering and living an abysmal existence. The introductory paragraph has become the most important paragraph in your essay. Grounding on the essay topic only it's possible to compose a great essay topic. A good example would be an individual believing they are the smartest person on the planet. The New Testament does not need to spell out all sins. It's really important that you know the Word of God for yourself! Essay topic doesn't take too much time to write. Generally people feel hard to be honest since it's quite difficult to keep honesty. Not just that, it nourishes the life span of people in a variety of ways. Folks sometimes rebel so as to defend their ideas as if their whole world is likely to collapse if they're wrong or if other men and women hold conflicting views. Both are truly said by great men and women in the past however will be truth later on forever.

Family Developmental Theory - 2734 Words

Family Developmental Theory Historical Development †¢ Family developmental theory is an approach to studying families, which is useful in explaining patterned change, the dynamic nature of the family, and how change occurs in the family life cycle. †¢ The roots of family developmental theory date back to the 1930s from works of sociologists, economists, and demographers who established family categories (which were the precursors to the stages of development †¢ From the mid 1940s to the early 1950s, theorists such as Paul Glick, Evelyn Duvall, Reuben Hill, and Rachel Ann Edwards contributed to a more sophisticated developmental approach. †¢ Since the 1950s, family developmental theory has been used to explain the†¦show more content†¦Infant Developmental Tasks Infancy is far from what some have assumed – a time for rigidly and mechanically handling the baby because he seems to have so little capability as an adapting human being. The following developmental tasks are to be accomplished in infancy: 1. Achieve physiological equilibrium after birth. 2. Establish self as a dependent person but separate from others. 3. Become aware of the â€Å"alive versus the inanimate† and â€Å"familiar versus unfamiliar† and develop rudimentary social interaction. 4. Develop a feeling of and desire for affection and response from others. 5. Adjust somewhat to the expectations of others. 6. Manage the changing body and learn new motor skills, developShow MoreRelatedFamily Developmental Theory ( Fdt ) Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Developmental Theory (FDT) first came about in the last 1940s, as a need to understand how families and the individuals within the family function in order to have their needs met (Smith Hamon, 2012). 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